(Nymphalidae) Spread throughout the world, this family includes about 7,080 described species. Its presence in the world is estimated at more than 8000 species. Adults are medium to big in size and they are mainly diurnal. However, some species are crepuscular. Larvae are herbivorous feeding mainly on foliage and they gather together in some species. There are many plants that can be targeted by their attacks including toxic plants. Adults of some species contain fluorides, making them unsuitable for consumption, including predatory animals such as birds and amphibians. In addition to that, those species of butterflies have bright colours, external signs of toxicity that discourage predators from attacking them.
